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"If you believe breaking is possible, believe fixing is possible."Rabbi Nachman of Breslau
Poster design:Art Paul
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by Erica Brown

Objects break. Hearts break. Some things can be repaired, and others cannot. But, Rabbi Nachman (1772–1810) reminds us, in the same way that breaking is an inevitability, fixing is also an inevitability. We know the former is true; we don’t always believe the latter.

Rabbi Nachman knew a thing or two about brokenness. His Hasidic tales often circle around characters who face their darkest moments and search profoundly for redemption. He authored a quote that became a famous Jewish song: “The entire world is a very narrow bridge. The key in crossing is not to be afraid. Only someone who has seen fear and overcome it could write these words.

In a world of fear and brokenness, Rabbi Nachman brought healing through his stories and his wisdom. He has become an iconic figure in the universe of Hasidic thinking, and today, thousands of people make pilgrimages to his grave in Uman in central Ukraine, usually around the High Holidays. People go there believing that the journey will “fix” their brokenness.

Rabbi Nachman also wrote that it is a great mitzvah to be happy. A mitzvah is not always easy. Confronting your brokenness is the beginning of the road home. It is where healing begins.

Author
Rabbi Nachman of Breslau
1772–1810
Lived in Ukraine
Hasidic rabbi

Nachman was the great-grandson of the Baal Shem Tov, the founder of the Hasidic movement. In 1802, at the age of 30, Nachman instituted his own Hasidic sect based in the Ukrainian town of Breslau.

Nachman taught his followers to live in faith, simplicity and joy. To this day Breslaver Hasidim are known for the practice of hitbodedut—finding time for solitary reflection in nature to renew one’s direct connection with God—and for ecstatic singing and dancing, in prayer services as well as in public squares in Jerusalem.

Nachman’s teachings are compiled in a work called Likutey Moharan. He is known for his original stories (collected in Sippurei Ma’asiyot), which are fantasy tales of princesses and beggars, laced with mystical allusions.

Perhaps Nachman’s most unusual teaching was his rejection of Hasidic dynasty.  While life in Hasidic sects revolves around the charismatic figure of a rebbe, a position passed on either to a hereditary heir or a star pupil, Breslaver Hasidim have never replaced Nachman as their rebbe.

Nachman was buried in Uman, Ukraine, in 1810, and his followers gather at his grave each Rosh Hashanah for a pilgrimage. 

Nachman’s status as “eternal Rebbe” is also represented by his (empty) chair in Jerusalem. This is a wooden chair he loved to sit in, which remained in a synagogue in Uman for over a century following his death. When the Nazis were approaching, his followers cut the chair into pieces and parceled them out with the instruction that each be brought to Jerusalem. Against all odds, the pieces were reunited in Jerusalem following the war, and today the reconstructed chair sits in Jerusalem’s Breslover synagogue.

 

Artist
Art Paul
Chicago
Graphic designer
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Graphic designer Art Paul’s career has been an adventure. He started as a freelance designer and illustrator. In 1953 he became founding art director of Playboy, designing the magazine’s first issue as well as its rabbit-head logo. During his three decades there he took an adventurous, award-winning approach to editorial design and illustration.

He also commissioned work for exhibitions he organized that travelled Europe, Asia, South America and the United States. In the intervals before and after Playboy, he freelanced for an eclectic mix of clients. At present, he has returned to his first love, painting, and the quieter adventures of daily, dedicated work and occasional exhibits.

Paul trained at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago on scholarship, and at the Institute of Design—the “Chicago Bauhaus”—on the GI Bill after World War II. He retired from Playboy in 1982 and for the past 20 years has focused entirely on drawing and painting.

In 1986, Paul was inducted into the Art Directors Club Hall of Fame. Among hundreds of awards, he has received the Society of Publication Designers’ Herb Lubalin Award for Lifetime Achievement, and also the Professional Achievement Award from the Illinois Institute of Technology’s Institute of Design in Chicago. He was elected a member of the Alliance Graphique Internationale and has been a trustee of Chicago’s Museum of Contemporary Art and a governor-appointed trustee of the Illinois Summer School for the Arts. Recent exhibitions of his paintings include one at the Chicago Cultural Center. He is now working on several books of his drawings and writings.

In Paul’s words: “The back and forth of my career between fine and applied art has given me a unique vantage point for comparing them. I’ve found there aren’t clear distinctions: some ‘high’ art seems to me commercial, some ‘low’ art illuminating. Both can be honest and humanistic. As a young designer, I took on the Playboy art directorship as a chance to test such ideas, experimenting with participatory graphics, sequential illustration, and conceptual covers. I was always eager to ignore categories and blur boundaries: bringing fine artists into illustration, campaigning for more experimentation, personal fire, and idiosyncrasy in the graphic arts—what I’ve come to cherish as a head-in-the-clouds, feet-on-the-ground approach, and as something worth championing.”

Quote
"If you believe breaking is possible, believe fixing is possible."Rabbi Nachman of Breslau

If I closed my eyes I had no image of him.  I could not see his face.  All that came to mind was that famous chair, which long ago a Hasid had presented to Rebbe Nachman.  After his death, during czarist pogroms, there was a fear that the grandly carved chair would be destroyed.  So his Hasidim had chopped it up into little pieces and smuggled it our of Breslov.  Now that same chair sits in a yeshiva in Meah Shearim, so beautifully assembled you cannot tell it was ever broken.  "If you believe you can damage," Rebbe Nachman once said, "believe you can repair."